Honorifics & Register
आप (Formal 'you')
The polite/respectful way to say 'you' — use with elders, strangers, professionals
Example
आप कैसे हैं?
How are you? (formal)
Usage Notes
आप takes plural verb forms even when addressing one person: आप कैसे हैं (not आप कैसा है). This is similar to the French "vous" or the German "Sie".
When in doubt about which "you" to use, always go with आप. It's never wrong to be too polite.
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Related — Honorifics & Register
तुम (Casual 'you')
The casual way to say 'you' — use with friends, younger people, equals
तू (Intimate 'you')
Very close or rude 'you' — only for best friends, children, or God. Can be offensive!
-जी (Respectful)
Added after names to show respect — like saying 'Mr.' or 'Sir'
-साहब (Sir)
A respectful title added after names — like 'Sir' or 'Mr.'