अगर (If)

Starts a condition — 'if this happens, then...'

Example

अगर तुम आओ तो अच्छा होगा

If you come, it would be good

Almost always paired with तो (then) in the second half: अगर X तो Y. The तो can be dropped in casual speech but is usually included.

अगर and यदि are interchangeable — अगर is everyday, यदि is formal/written.

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Connects words or ideas together — 'and'

Gives a choice between options — 'or'

Shows contrast — 'but', 'however'

Another way to say 'but' — slightly more bookish than लेकिन

Formal/written way to say 'but' — used in news and literature